| 
Steps
of Clarification
Coagulation
Reduction
of the
surface
charge
of suspended
solids
and,
reduction
of forces
of mutual
repulsion
results
in the
agglomeration
of the
particles.
Flocculation
The
addition
of a
relatively
small
quantity
of flocculating
agent,
consist
of polymer
of long
chain
containing
active
groups
results
in the
agglomeration
of the
individual
particles.
Floc
formation
Impurities
suspended
and
dissolved
in the
water
can
be converted
to forms
suitable
for
sedimentation,
floatation
or filtration
by addition
of appropriate
additives.
Adsorption
Hydroxides
of Fe2+
, Fe3+
, Al3+
process
a very
voluminous
structure,
which
offers
a large
number
of adsorption
points
for
impurities.
Precipitation
Precipitation
is effected
by the
additional
precipitations
that
react
with
substances
contained
in the
water
to form
precipitates
of low
solubility.
|
