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Filtration is a separative process widely used for the removal of particles from fluid whether these are gases or liquids, and usually considered a simple mechanical process, actually involves the mechanisms of adsorption, straining, sedimentation, interception, diffusion, and inertial compaction.
 

Pressure Sand Filter

The pressure filter comprises a cylindrical steel pressure vessel, lined with rubber, containing a bed of specially graded sand supported on layers of graded pebbles. As the underground water flows downward through the filter suspended solids are retained on the sand bed. When the filter is in operation solid will gradually accumulate on the filter bed and in consequence the pressure loss across the filter will also increase. The filter must be cleaned when the pressure loss has risen about 0.5kg/cm2. The filter is cleaned accumulated solids by an upward flow of underground water.